Majoritarianism’s Role in Sri Lanka’s Civil War
The prevailing ideology of majoritarianism significantly contributed to the outbreak of civil conflict in Sri Lanka. This concept, which favors the interests of the majority ethnic group—the Sinhalese—at the expense of minority communities, particularly the Tamils, became a key factor in escalating tensions and ultimately igniting civil war.
The Rise of Sinhalese Majoritarianism
Following Sri Lanka’s independence, political power was predominantly wielded by the Sinhalese majority. A series of legislative acts and policies were introduced that favored the Sinhalese, while simultaneously marginalizing the Tamil population. This unequal treatment established a climate of grievance and resentment.
Discriminatory Policies
Several specific policies exacerbated the situation. The ‘Sinhala Only Act’ of 1956, which declared Sinhala as the sole official language, excluded Tamils from civil service and higher education, creating significant disadvantages. Furthermore, state-sponsored colonization initiatives in Tamil-dominated areas altered demographic makeup, leading to further marginalization of the Tamil community.
Tamil Resistance and Escalation
These policies prompted Tamil resistance. Initial peaceful protests met with violent suppression from the state, causing a shift towards more militant forms of resistance. Emergence of armed groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which advocated for a separate Tamil state, marked a major turning point.
Civil War and its Legacy
The armed conflict, which started in 1983, lasted for more than 25 years, resulting in extensive loss of life and displacement. The conflict’s roots trace back directly to majoritarian ideologies and governmental policies that consistently marginalized and disregarded the rights of the Tamil population. The legacy of the civil war continues to affect inter-ethnic relations in Sri Lanka, stressing the need for inclusivity and equal rights to prevent future conflicts.